提高弹性

Interestingly, further research at Davidson’s lab found that it wasn’t just the activity in the left prefrontal region that predicted resilience, but the level of connectivity between the left prefrontal region and the amygdala – the threat detection center of the brain that activates the fight, flight or freeze response. Using MRI technology, he found that the strength of this connection determines how quickly people bounce back from an upsetting experience: the more white matter (axons connecting neurons) lying between the prefrontal cortex and the amygdala, the more resilient people are. What’s the relationship between them that would create this effect?您可能还记得已经发现命名情绪可以减少感情的强度，在这里玩耍似乎是相同的现象。命名情绪激活了左前额叶皮层，这反过来又平静了杏仁核。

当我们通过命名它来使感觉的含义时，杏仁核平静下来，提供空间来获取大脑的认知部分，过程逆境，并看到新的选择向前发展。框架不良经历对于弹性至关重要，命名情绪是第一步。

当然，沃纳（Werner）的研究基于数十年来研究控制和对逆境的反应之间的关系。马丁·塞利格曼（Martin Seligman）对狗的学习无助的研究 - 从1967年开始 - 首先建立了这一联系。当塞利格曼（Seligman）的狗在内部地说，他们所做的任何事情都不会影响震惊的结果时，他们就放弃了 - 而控制着处境的狗学会了如何适应。事实证明，在回应逆境时，人类也是如此。认为您处于控制状态，您的行动将有所作为，这一切都会有所不同。这些发现建立了一个重要的支柱：

乐观的可学习技能是弹性的核心

When applying Seligman’s research on learned helplessness to humans, an interesting caveat emerged (as it often does when animal experiments become human experiments): Researchers found that people’s reactions to feeling a lack of control differs both between individuals AND between situations, meaning sometimes learned helplessness remains specific to one situation but at other times generalizes across situations – with disastrous consequences. What determines this difference? That leads us to the final fact about resilience: how we explain adversity matters a lot.

An optimistic explanatory style, on the other hand, shifts the explanations from internal to external (“Bad events aren’t all my fault”), from global to specific (“This is one narrow thing rather than a massive indication that something is wrong with my life”), and from permanent to impermanent (“I can change the situation, rather than assuming it’s fixed. My effort will make a difference.” This last point, of course, directly relates to Emmy Werner’s research on locus of control). Martin Seligman found that he could train people to adopt an optimistic explanatory style, which he called learned optimism. Further, he found that training people to change their explanatory styles made them more psychologically successful, more resilient and less prone to depression.

我们如何解释逆境是确定弹性的最重要的因素之一。